Classification of Brushless Motors
Time:2023-11-17
Views:486
The classification of brushless DC motors can be based on their appearance, power signal, and driving mode. Different types of brushless motors have different advantages and can be used in different product usage scenarios. Here, engineers of brushless motors will provide a detailed introduction to the types of brushless DC motors used today. Simultaneously explore the advantages and disadvantages of each type based on parameters such as torque, speed, and efficiency.
Different types of BLDC motors are used in different environments, such as industrial machinery, electrical and electronic equipment, vehicles, and robotic equipment.
The types of brushless DC motors can be divided into the following categories:
Classification of rotor types
Brushless DC motor inside the rotor (also known as inner rotor)
External rotor brushless DC motor (also known as external rotor)
Classification with or without Hall sensors
Inductive brushless DC motor
Sensorless brushless DC motor
Classification by phase pole
Single phase brushless DC motor
Two phase brushless DC motor
Three phase brushless DC motor
Signal driven classification
Sine wave driven brushless DC motor
Square wave drive brushless DC motor
Next, explain the types of BLDC motors.
Inner rotor brushless DC motor
This type of BLDC motor has a rotating component (rotor) within the electromagnetic coil (stator) assembly. This brushless DC motor structure allows for heat dissipation through conduction, as the stator coil is installed on the motor casing. Brushless DC motors are easy to reach peak speeds and are most suitable for applications that require higher speed characteristics
External rotor DC brushless motor
This type of outer rotor BLDC motor is basically the opposite to the inner rotor brushless motor type. It is also known as an external rotor brushless motor, which uses a rotating casing to surround fixed internal components. Outer rotor BLDC motors typically use a larger number of permanent magnetic poles on the rotor. This means greater torque and smoother operation. The main drawback of an external rotor brushless DC motor is its slow speed. Therefore, these types of motors are more suitable for low speed and high torque applications. Official account "Mechanical Engineering Literature", engineer‘s gas station!
Inductive brushless DC motor
BLDC motor with Hall sensor is a type of motor that relies on the sensor to provide rotor position data. These types of brushless motors provide reliable performance at lower speeds. At lower speeds, the sensor provides accurate data to achieve smooth rotation. Motors with sensors may experience delayed feedback at higher speeds, and harsh conditions such as magnetic interference or high temperature environments can also affect sensor operation, thereby affecting motor operation.
Sensorless brushless DC motor
This type of motor does not use Hall sensors. On the contrary, the controller relies on the back electromotive force generated in the stator coil to calculate the rotor position. These types of brushless DC motors provide optimal performance at high speeds. You can also use them in high-temperature environments because they do not use sensors. When the back electromotive force is too low or stationary to be read by the controller, the motor cannot be accurately controlled, so these motor types are suitable for high-speed and low-cost application environments.
Single phase brushless DC motor
The rotor used in single-phase brushless motors consists of a pair of north and south poles. This type of brushless DC motor design has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that the motor can initially achieve a very high rotational speed. The downside is that the performance of a unipolar motor will significantly decrease at lower speeds, thereby affecting rotational stability and efficiency. Official account "Mechanical Engineering Literature", engineer‘s gas station!
A three-phase brushless motor uses multiple magnetic poles on the rotor, up to a maximum of 12 or more. As mentioned earlier, their placement causes the opposite poles to face each other. More magnetic poles provide smoother rotation, but at the expense of speed. Therefore, these types of brushless motors cannot achieve high speeds and are suitable for applications with low speeds and high torque.
Sine wave driven brushless DC motor
A sine wave driver rotates the rotor by continuously changing the voltage of the stator coil in a sinusoidal manner based on the rotation angle of the rotor. The three phases of the motor will ‘delay‘ for a specific period of time, depending on the frequency.
Square wave drive brushless DC motor
Square wave drive is the simplest driving method. It switches the ON/OFF state of electronic components based on the rotation angle of the rotor, and then changes the current direction of the stator coil to cause the rotor to rotate. Rotate the rotor once and switch the current direction 6 times.
The above is the classification of brushless motors and the different advantages of different types of brushless DC motors when used in specific applications. When selecting the type of brushless motor for your project, technicians can consider the construction, advantages, and disadvantages of customer products to customize different brushless motors to meet different application scenarios.
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